Browsing by Author "Ihlamur, Murat"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Applications of Exosome Vesicles in Different Cancer Types as Biomarkers
(Bentham Science Publishing Ltd, 2024) Ihlamur, Murat; Kelleci, Kubra; Zengin, Yagmur; Allahverdiyev, M. Adil; Abamor, Emrah Sefik
One of the biggest challenges in the fight against cancer is early detection. Early diagnosis is vital, but there are some barriers such as economic, cultural, and personal factors. Considering the disadvantages of radiological imaging techniques or serological analysis methods used in cancer diagnosis, such as being expensive, requiring expertise, and being time-consuming, there is a need to develop faster, more reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic methods for use in cancer diagnosis.Exosomes, which are responsible for intercellular communication with sizes ranging from 30-120 nm, are naturally produced biological nanoparticles. Thanks to the cargo contents they carry, they are a potential biomarker to be used in the diagnosis of cancer. Exosomes, defined as extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, are effective in cancer growth, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, and changes in microenvironmental conditions during tumor development change exosome secretion. Due to their high cellular activity, tumor cells produce much higher exosomes than healthy cells. Therefore, it is known that the number of exosomes in body fluids is significantly rich compared to other cells and can act as a stand-alone diagnostic biomarker. Cancer-derived exosomes have received great attention in recent years for the early detection of cancer and the evaluation of therapeutic response.In this article, the content, properties, and differences of exosomes detected in common types of cancer (lung, liver, pancreas, ovaries, breast, colorectal), which are the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, are reviewed. We also discuss the potential utility of exosome contents as a biomarker for early detection, which is known to be important in targeted cancer therapy.
Mide Kanserine Yönelik Ags Hücrelerinden Geliştirilen Aşı Formülasyonunun İmmünostimülan Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
(2022) Ihlamur, Murat; Hamurci, Yağmur; Kelleci, Kübra
Kanser, normal hücrelerin kontrolsüz çoğalması sonucunda oluşan bir hastalıktır. Kanser çeşitleri arasında akciğer, meme, kolorektum ve prostat kanserlerinden sonra dünya çapında teşhis edilen en yaygın beşinci malignite olan mide kanseri, %20’lik beş yıllık sağ kalım oranı ile en ölümcül kanser çeşitlerinden biridir. Tedavisinde cerrahi, kemoterapi, radyoterapi, immünoterapi ve hedefe yönelik ilaç terapisi gibi yöntemler sıklıkla kullanılsa da hiçbiri etkili sonuçlar vermemektedir. Bu nedenle tedavi yaklaşımlarının geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. İmmünoterapi, akciğer, mide ve meme kanseri gibi kanserler için yenilikçi bir yaklaşım olarak kabul edilmektedir. Hastalığa yakalanmadan önce bireylerde bağışıklık oluşturmak, hastalığın başlamasını engellemekle birlikte tedaviden maksimum yanıtın alınmasını da sağlayacaktır. Aşılamanın kansere karşı bağışıklık sistemini harekette geçirdiğine dair literatürde yer alan çalışmalar, kanser aşılarında umut verici sonuçlar ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, mide kanserine yönelik geliştirilen farklı aşı formülasyonlarının immünostimülan etkileri, in vitro J774 murin makrofaj, THP-1 insan makrofaj ve L929 fibroblast hücrelerinde araştırılmış ve sitotoksisiteleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, geliştirilen aşı formülasyonlarının hiçbir konsantrasyonda toksik etki yaratmadığı, artan protein konsantrasyonu ile birlikte immünostimülan etkinliğin arttığı ve en yüksek değerin 40 µg/ml konsantrasyonda elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Her üç hücre hattında maksimum protein konsantrasyonunda hücre canlılık oranlarının %80 ‘den fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçların mide kanserine yönelik aşı formülasyonlarının geliştirmesine yardımcı olacağını, kanser immünoterapisi çalışan araştırmacılar için veri sağlayacağını söyleyebiliriz.
The mTOR Signaling Pathway and mTOR Inhibitors in Cancer: Next-Generation Inhibitors and Approaches
(Bentham Science Publishing Ltd, 2024) Ihlamur, Murat; Akgul, Busra; Zengin, Yagmur; Korkut, Senay Vural; Kelleci, Kubra; Abamor, Emrah Sefik
mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that plays various roles in cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. mTOR signaling in cancer becomes irregular. Therefore, drugs targeting mTOR have been developed. Although mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and rapamycin rapalogs (everolimus, rapamycin, temsirolimus, deforolimus, etc.) and new generation mTOR inhibitors (Rapalink, Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, etc.) are used in cancer treatments, mTOR resistance mechanisms may inhibit the efficacy of these drugs. Therefore, new inhibition approaches are developed. Although these new inhibition approaches have not been widely investigated in cancer treatment, the use of nanoparticles has been evaluated as a new treatment option in a few types of cancer.This review outlines the functions of mTOR in the cancer process, its resistance mechanisms, and the efficiency of mTOR inhibitors in cancer treatment. Furthermore, it discusses the next-generation mTOR inhibitors and inhibition strategies created using nanoparticles.Since mTOR resistance mechanisms prevent the effects of mTOR inhibitors used in cancer treatments, new inhibition strategies should be developed. Inhibition approaches are created using nanoparticles, and one of them offers a promising treatment option with evidence supporting its effectiveness.
Particulate and Non-Particle Adjuvants in Leishmaniasis Vaccine Designs: A Review
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Kelleci, Kubra; Allahverdiyev, Adil; Bagirova, Melahat; Ihlamur, Murat; Abamor, Emrah S.
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease with different clinical forms caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by the bite of an infected female sandfly. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is the second most common parasitic disease after malaria and it is known that approximately 350 million people are at risk. The disease manifests itself in different clinical forms. In addition to asymptomatic cases, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), which creates large lesions on the skin, and visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which causes death if not treated, especially affecting the abdominal organs, are two important clinical forms. When the studies were examined, it was seen that a clinically used vaccine against any form of human leishmaniasis has not been developed yet. In some studies, it was stated that the lack of appropriate adjuvant was responsible for the failure to develop an effective Leishmania vaccine. We can say that strong adjuvants are needed to achieve successful vaccines. In this article, adjuvants and adjuvant candidates used in vaccine studies against leishmaniasis are discussed