Yüksekokullar

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    Competitive Advantage and Clusters: What Can We Learn from Nine Turkish Clusters
    (Boğaziçi University bjournal@boun.edu.tr, 2018) Mutlucan, N.Ç.
    Many researchers have studied the ability of clusters to promote innovation, regional economic development, and national prosperity; however, these studies had been mostly conducted at the cluster level, not at the firm level. This study attempts to bring the cluster discourse back to the firm by answering the following research question: how do firms create and defend competitive advantages through clusters? The theoretical model presumes positive relationships between several constructs and firm performance, namely, business ties, support ties, entrepreneurial orientation and strategic learning capability. Furthermore, these relationships are supposed to be enhanced by the moderating effect of the cluster construct. The Partial Least Squares path model analysis of data from 160 surveyed firms located in nine Turkish clusters revealed that only entrepreneurial orientation and support ties contributed significantly and positively to firm performance. © 2018 The Trustees of Indiana University. All rights reserved.
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    Territorial Stigmatization as a Process of Bio Politics: The Case of Hacihusrev
    (Middle East Technical University, 2018) Yilgur, Egemen
    This paper discusses the stigmatization of Hacihusrev Neighborhood as a criminal area utilizing concepts borrowed from Agamben's understanding of bio-politics and the territorial stigmatization of Wacquant. The stigmatization of Hacihusrev Neighborhood, where peripatetic Roma groups as homo sacers reduced to 'bare life' had settled, occurred by means of the popular narrative produced by the mass media of the era. The manipulative representation of the social transformation occurring in the neighborhood turned it into a place where the exception became the rule. There are two different late-peripatetic groups in Hacihusrev Neighborhood. Roma tobacco workers, who came to the neighborhood during the Turk-Greek Population Exchange of 1923-24, had had an intense experience of waged occupation due to massive labor demand in the geography from which they came, late Ottoman Macedonia. Roma tobacco workers thus became a part of a mainstream social process, participating in waged occupations and in the leftist politics of the era and so pushed the limits of the area in which the peripatetics had been placed historically by means of legal pretexts and social relations. The other late-peripatetics, who came to the neighborhood mainly after 1950 from Bursa and its surroundings, had almost no opportunity for waged occupations. Excluded from the mainstream social relations, they were forced to be a part of criminal activities. Popular crime narratives in the media in the 1960s increased the visibility of the late-peripatetics from Bursa and rendered the Roma tobacco workers invisible. Thus, Hacihusrev Neighborhood was perceived as the natural habitat of criminal suspects. The stigma that surrounded the neighborhood in this process imprisoned the Roma tobacco workers in the very area where they had partly escaped before and their historical distinctiveness as a productive force became less certain. This paper aims to reveal the mechanisms of the stigmatization process through content analysis of the related news published between 1930-2009 in Milliyet and Cumhuriyet newspapers, the review of relevant literature, and the data collected during field research.