WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu

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Alterations in Niban Gene Expression as a Response to Stress Conditions in 3t3-L1 Adipocytes
(Springer, 2020) Cevik, Mehtap; Gunduz, Meliha Koldemir; Deliorman, Gokce; Susleyici, Belgin
Adipocyte death is important in obesity development. Understanding and prevention of adipocyte deaths may be a molecular approach in the treatment. In the study, we aimed to understand role of Niban gene, which acts as an anti-apoptotic molecule as a response to stress conditions, in adipocytes. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with different doses of linoleic acid, hydrogen peroxide and ethanol; and proliferation of the cells examined with real time monitoring iCELLingence system. Gene expression levels were measured by q-PCR. As a response to 24h 480 mu M linoleic acid treatment, Niban gene expression was found to be higher than control group (p = 0.008), whereas 24 h 90 mM ethanol treatment was determined to be lower than control group (p = 0.008). The highest value of Niban gene expression among H2O2 treatment groups was detected in 4h 600 mu M H2O2 in comparison to control group (p = 0.008). To understand role of Niban in adipogenesis, Niban gene expressions were compared between pre-adipocytes and advanced fat accumulated adipocytes and determined to be significantly different (p = 0.042). Our results suggest that Niban might be involved in stress response process in adipocytes. However, the exact molecular role of Niban needs to be investigated in further studies.
Applications of Exosome Vesicles in Different Cancer Types as Biomarkers
(Bentham Science Publishing Ltd, 2024) Ihlamur, Murat; Kelleci, Kubra; Zengin, Yagmur; Allahverdiyev, M. Adil; Abamor, Emrah Sefik
One of the biggest challenges in the fight against cancer is early detection. Early diagnosis is vital, but there are some barriers such as economic, cultural, and personal factors. Considering the disadvantages of radiological imaging techniques or serological analysis methods used in cancer diagnosis, such as being expensive, requiring expertise, and being time-consuming, there is a need to develop faster, more reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic methods for use in cancer diagnosis.Exosomes, which are responsible for intercellular communication with sizes ranging from 30-120 nm, are naturally produced biological nanoparticles. Thanks to the cargo contents they carry, they are a potential biomarker to be used in the diagnosis of cancer. Exosomes, defined as extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, are effective in cancer growth, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, and changes in microenvironmental conditions during tumor development change exosome secretion. Due to their high cellular activity, tumor cells produce much higher exosomes than healthy cells. Therefore, it is known that the number of exosomes in body fluids is significantly rich compared to other cells and can act as a stand-alone diagnostic biomarker. Cancer-derived exosomes have received great attention in recent years for the early detection of cancer and the evaluation of therapeutic response.In this article, the content, properties, and differences of exosomes detected in common types of cancer (lung, liver, pancreas, ovaries, breast, colorectal), which are the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, are reviewed. We also discuss the potential utility of exosome contents as a biomarker for early detection, which is known to be important in targeted cancer therapy.
The Association of Subordinates' Perception of the Manager's Ambiguous Behaviors with the Likelihood of Conflict Occurrence: A Cross-Cultural Study
(IACM-NCMR-INT Assoc Conflict Management, 2024) Honuk, Hizir; Kucuk, Burcu Aydin; Caglar, Cihan Tinaztepe
The research aims to provide evidence to explain the contradictive findings in the literature on the organizational conflict phenomenon and the relationship between conflict and culture, by focusing on the relationship between ambiguous behaviors and conflict. To achieve this goal, in the context of low-status compensation theory, the relationship between incivility, humor as ambiguous behaviors, and the likelihood of manager- subordinate conflict occurrence was investigated. To test the culture's effect on this relationship, survey data were collected from 478 white-collar subordinates working in SMEs in Turkey and the UK. According to the results, the subordinate's perception of the manager's ambiguous behaviors affects the likelihood of relationship conflict and task conflict occurrence. In addition, the study reveals that culture is associated with the likelihood of relationship conflict occurrence but not task conflict. The study contributes to the literature by providing evidence for the relationship between humor, incivility, conflict, and culture.
Commodities in History: Theoretical Reflections and Empirical Case Studies
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Gursoy, Ozgur Burcak
The Crowdsourcing Concept as a New Media Application
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2020) Durmus, Sevil Bektas
Introduction - In the twenty-first century, which is the age of communication and information, the time and space concepts have changed with new media technologies and changes have occurred in habits and ways of doing business using the Internet. In this respect, crowdsourcing concept comes first among the new applications with which internet users can share content. The crowdsourcing, which may be understood as `mass-based work' or `crowded resource', consists of a combination of `crowd' and `source', and refers to the use of a great number of human societies to do a common work. The crowdsourcing concept, used commonly as of the 2000s for different purposes, is included in the literature as a concept showing the power of crowds. It is a method in which communication and internet technologies are used with efficacy in the advertising and marketing fields. Purpose - The objective of the present study is to determine the pros and cons of the crowdsourcing concept through new media applications in the form of critical evaluations by examining sample case studies that use the crowdsourcing concept, which is becoming widespread in Turkey and in the whole world in recent years. Methodology - In this study, the `Case (Sample Event) Study Analysis', which is one of the qualitative research methods and which is a methodological approach that includes examining how the crowdsourcing system works indepth, will be used. Findings - Crowdsourcing is becoming a worldwide business model and allows anyone with free time and an internet connection to contribute to economic productivity. This study has discussed the importance of crowdsourcing for companies in contextual terms and has made predictions on how to make this concept become a better model in which fields.
Design and Simulation of the Microcantilever Biosensor for MITF Antigen and D5 Monoclonal Antibody Interaction Finite Element Analysis, and Experimental
(Bentham Science Publishing Ltd, 2024) Akcali, Pelin; Kelleci, Kubra; Ozer, Sevil
Background Biosensors and MEMS have witnessed rapid development and enormous interest over the past decades. Constant advancement in diagnostic, medical, and chemical applications has been demonstrated in several platforms and tools. In this study, the analytical and FEA of the microcantilever used in biomolecular analyses were compared with the experimental analysis results.Methods In this study, MITF antigen, which is a melanoma biomarker, and anti-MITF antibody (D5) were selected as biomolecules. A MEMS-type microcantilever biosensor was designed by functionalizing the AFM cantilever by utilizing the specific interaction dynamics and intermolecular binding ability between both molecules. Surface functionalization of cantilever micro biosensors was performed by using FEA. The stress that will occur as a result of the interactions between the MITF-D5 has been determined from the deviation in the resonant frequency of the cantilever.Results It has been found that the simulation results are supported by analytical calculations and experimental results.Conclusion The fact that the results of the simulation study overlap with the experimental and mathematical results allows us to get much cheaper and faster answers compared to expensive and time-consuming experimental approaches.
Detection of Damaged Structures from Satellite Imagery Processed by Autoencoder with Boruta Feature Selection Method
(AVES, 2023) Muzoglu, Nedim; Adiguzel, Ertugrul; Akbacak, Enver; Karaslan, Melike Kaya
Many worldwide changing events, including meteorology, weather forecasting, disaster response, and environmental monitoring, are tracked by states or companies via satellite imagery. Early response to disasters is critical for human life. In these cases, artificial intelligence applications are also used to make rapid determinations about large geographical region. In this study, satellite images of flooded and undamaged structures in Hurricane Harvey were used. An autoencoder process has been applied to this dataset to reduce the noise in satellite imagery. AlexNet and VGG16 deep learning (DL) models are used to extract features from both datasets. The most effective features selected by the Boruta feature selection algorithm were classified with the support vector machine, and the highest classification accuracy of 99.35% was obtained. Since disasters involve the evaluation of very big datasets from large geographic areas, presenting the data with the smallest possible feature will facilitate the process. For this reason, by applying dimensionality reduction to the selected attributes, a 98.29% success was achieved in the classification with only 90 attributes. The proposed approach shows that DL and feature engineering are very effective methods to quickly respond to disaster areas using satellite imagery.
The Effects of Glipizide on DNA Damage and Nuclear Transport in Differentiated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
(Springer, 2022) Cevik, Mehtap; Caker, Selen; Deliorman, Gokce; Cagatay, Penbe; Gunduz, Meliha Koldemir; Susleyici, Belgin
Background Despite commonly use for treatment of type II diabetes, possible effects of glipizide on nuclear transport and DNA damage in cells are unknown. Since clinical response of glipizide may change with aging, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of glipizide by comparing mature and senescent adipocytes. Methods and results The effects of glipizide were investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Effective and lethal doses were determined by real-time monitoring iCELLigence system. Comet assay was performed to determine DNA damage and quantitative PCR was conducted to detect gene expression levels. RAN expressions were found to be up regulated in mature 180 mu M glipizide treated adipocytes compared to control group (p < 0.05); whereas down regulated in senescent 180 mu M glipizide treated adipocytes compared to their control adipocytes (p < 0.05). Olive Tail Moment values were significantly higher in mature 180 mu M glipizide treated adipocytes (MTG) and senescent 180 mu M glipizide treated adipocytes (STG) comparing their untreated controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). Also class 5 comets that shows severe DNA damage were found to be higher in both MTG and STG groups than their controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). OTM values were higher in STG than MTG (p < 0.001). Conclusions This is the first study that reports glipizide caused DNA damage increasing with senescence in adipocytes. As a response to glipizide treatment Ran gene expression increased in mature; and decreased in senescent adipocytes. Further studies are needed to reveal the effect of glipizide on DNA and nuclear interactions in molecular level.
Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Reducing Muscle Dysmorphia Symptoms Among Turkish Gym Goers: A Pilot Study
(Elsevier, 2024) Cinaroglu, Metin; Yilmazer, Eda; Ulker, Selami Varol; Ahlatcioglu, Esra Noyan; Sayar, Gokben Hizli
Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a disorder marked by an obsessive focus on muscularity, often leading to excessive exercise, rigid dieting, and use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). While Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is known to be effective for various body image disorders, its specific effects on individuals with MD have been less studied. This qualitative case series involved seven male participants, aged 35-55, all diagnosed with MD and with a history of anabolic steroid use, undergoing a 12-week manualized CBT intervention. The study aimed to explore how CBT impacts their body image perceptions, exercise behaviors, steroid use, and emotional responses. Data were collected through participant feedback during therapy sessions, with thematic analysis revealing significant shifts in body image perception and reductions in compulsive behaviors and steroid use. Despite these improvements, participants experienced feelings of loss and anxiety as they modified their routines, and some reported relapses under stress, indicating the chronic nature of MD. The findings suggest that CBT effectively reshapes cognitive and behavioral patterns in MD sufferers but also highlight the need for ongoing support to manage the disorder's emotional complexities and prevent relapses. Future research should focus on long-term and individualized therapeutic approaches to better support those with muscle dysmorphia.
Evaluation of the Descriptive Values and Occlusion Effects of Air and Bone Conducted Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Normal Individuals
(Springer, 2022) Tasci, Betul; Gencturk, Ertugrul; Serbetcioglu, Mustafa Bulent
Objective:This study was aimed to establish the descriptive statistical values of cVEMPs's responses which are evoked by air and bone conducted stimuli and to examine the effects of occlusion on bone conducted (BC) cVEMPs test. Methods:The study was carried out on 20 individuals (n = 40 ears), 11 women and 9 men, at the Medipol Mega University Hospital. cVEMPs tests were applied in five stages to the individuals who are volunteer to participate in this study. Firstly, the air conducted (AC) cVEMPs test was applied. Then, BC cVEMPs tests were applied in four different conditions with the aim of examining the occlusion effect. Results:Latency values of the AC cVEMPs response were 15.17 +/- 0.77 ms for P1 and 24.12 +/- 1.38 ms for N1 and 8.95 +/- 1.12 ms for interpeak latencies. P1N1 amplitude value was 149.73 +/- 75.00 mu V. VEMPs asymmetry ratio (VAR) was 0.16 +/- 0.16. Latency measurements of the BC cVEMPs response were 14.38 +/- 0.85 ms for P1 and 23.40 +/- 1.50 ms for N1 and 9.05 +/- 1.57 ms for interpeak latencies. P1N1 amplitude value was 107.58 +/- 54.08 mu V. VAR was 0.15 +/- 0.12. Both AC cVEMPs and BC cVEMPs parameters were demonstrated that there are not any significant differences between female-male and left ear-right ear. When AC and BC cVEMPs responses were compared, the mean P1 and N1 latencies of BC cVEMPs were significantly shorter than those of AC cVEMPs (p < 0.01). The mean amplitudes of AC cVEMPs were significantly larger than those of BC cVEMPs (p < 0.01). When the impact of the occlusion effect on cVEMPs parameters was examined, no statistical significance was found. Conclusion:As a result, it was thought that the BC cVEMPs, which is not widely used in clinics, might be used in the vestibular assessment of conductive hearing losses (CHL) in clinics, by obtaining descriptive values with this study. In addition, it was thought that it might be used as an auxiliary test to diagnose patients with hyperacusis who are disturbed by loud noises.
Exploring the Psychological and Social Dynamics of Steroid and Performance-Enhancing Drug (PED) Use Among Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults (16-22): A Thematic Analysis
(MDPI, 2025) Cinaroglu, Metin; Yilmazer, Eda; Noyan Ahlatcioglu, Esra
Background: Performance-enhancing drug (PED) use has become increasingly prevalent among adolescents and emerging adults, not solely for athletic advantage but as a psychological and sociocultural coping mechanism. In T & uuml;rkiye, where Westernized body ideals intersect with traditional values, the emotional and symbolic meanings of PED use among youth remain underexplored. Methods: This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews and reflexive thematic analysis to examine the subjective experiences of 26 Turkish adolescents and emerging adults (19 males, 7 females; ages 16-22) in Istanbul who reported non-medical use of steroids or other PEDs. Participants were recruited through snowball sampling in gym-adjacent communities across six urban districts. Interviews were conducted online, recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to identify emergent psychological themes. Results: Six interconnected themes were identified: (1) body-based insecurity and the fantasy of reinvention; (2) emotional regulation through bodily control; (3) secrecy as autonomy; (4) compulsive enhancement and dissatisfaction; (5) psychological dependency and regret; and (6) PED use as agency and protest. While male and female participants differed in aesthetic goals and social narratives, both groups framed PED use as a means of identity construction, emotional survival, and social validation. Participants did not perceive themselves as deviant but as strategic actors navigating a performance-driven culture. Conclusions: PED use among youth in urban T & uuml;rkiye emerges as a psychologically embedded coping mechanism rooted in emotional regulation, self-concept, and perceived control. Rather than a deviant behavior, it reflects an adaptive but precarious strategy for managing insecurity and achieving recognition during a critical developmental stage.
Factors Affecting the Presence of Renal Cortical Cysts in Kidney Donors
(Aves, 2024) Cicek, Sevim Nuran Kuslu; Huseynov, Amil
Objective: Simple renal cysts (SRCs) represent the most frequently occurring type of renal cysts, frequently observed in the elderly population. While generally considered benign, SRCs may sometimes be connected to comorbid conditions such as hypertension, aortic diseases, and renal dysfunction. This research aims to investigate the factors influencing the development of SRCs in kidney donors and the associated risks. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1012 living kidney donors, aged 18-87 years, who underwent renal transplant donor nephrectomy between 2008 and 2023. Data on demographic information, cyst characteristics, comorbidities, and associated risk factors were collected and analyzed using statistical methods, including Binary Logistic Regression Analysis. Renal cysts were identified and classified using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Results: Renal cortical cysts were more frequently observed in males (52.76%) compared to females (47.24%), with a significant difference (P = .031). Donors with renal cortical cysts were significantly older (mean age 54.43 +/- 12.17 years) compared to those without cysts (46.26 +/- 12.35 years, P < .001). Substantial differences were likewise noted in fasting blood glucose, uric acid, creatinine, HbA1c, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).The prevalence of aortic atherosclerosis was notably elevated in donors with cysts (47.74%) compared to those without (23.57%, P < .001). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that older age and being male were significant factors influencing the presence of cortical cysts. Conclusion: The study confirms that SRCs are the most common renal cyst type and are more frequently observed in the elderly population. While generally benign, SRCs may be associated with increased uric acid levels and other comorbidities, suggesting potential impacts on kidney health. Additional studies are required to investigate these associations. The presence of SRCs in kidney donors is significantly associated with male gender, age, uric acid levels, and creatinine levels. These findings should be considered during the evaluation of potential kidney donors, particularly regarding the associated risks and management of SRCs.
Handling Uncertainty in Rheological Properties of Green Eggshell Nanocomposites by a Fuzzy-Hybrid Modeling Approach: A Comparative Study
(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2023) Insel, Mert Akin; Karakus, Selcan; Temelcan, Gizem; Kocken, Hale Gonce; Albayrak, Inci
Fuzzy regression is an attractive application due to its ability to solve problems in the absence of accurate mathematical models. In this study, rheological properties of a bio-nanocomposite were predicted using fuzzy regression. The aim of study is to introduce the methodology and application of fuzziness in detail for handling uncertainty in the experimental data. In this context, rheological properties of green eggshell bio-nanocomposites are investigated using different operating parameters. Since the determination of surface tension is prone to experimental errors, a novel fuzzy-hybrid model is proposed in addition to a crisp model. Statistical error analysis is conducted to assess the validity of the multivariate models proposed. While both models provided satisfactory results, it is observed that the fuzzy-hybrid model outperforms the crisp model in both accuracy and generality. This study highlights that the proposed models have an impressive potential to be used for modeling experimental studies in nanotechnological manufacturing applications.
In Vitro Determination of Antileshmanial Activities of Benzimidazolium Derivatives on L. Major Promastigotes and Amastigotes
(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2023) Kelleci, Kubra; Golebatmaz, Eda
Purpose Leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem infecting millions of people worldwide. An effective and reliable treatment method to be used in the treatment of the disease has not been developed yet. Methods In this article, the anti-leishmanial activities of two benzimidazolium derivatives (B.A and B.B) against Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes, which are known to cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, were investigated for the first time. The immunostimulatory activity of the developed formulations was determined using the J774 murine macrophage cell line. Results B.A and B.B compounds were found to have a much higher cytotoxic effect than Amphotericin B (IC50 value 0.75 mu M +/- 0.03), which is used as the reference drug. The IC50 value was determined as 2.02 mu M +/- 0.52 for B.A and 1.83 mu M +/- 0.71 for B.B in Leishmania promastigotes. In addition, IC50 values of B. A and B.B Leishmania amastigotes were found to be 1.01 mu M and 0.67 mu M, respectively. It was found that B.B was 81.12 times more selective than Amphotericin B and showed the highest selectivity against L. major promastigotes (359.09) and amastigotes (980.80). Considering the selectivity indices (SI) of B.A and B.B, both compounds tested are more promising than Amphotericin B. Conclusion The results showed that benzimidazolium derivatives have anti-leishmanial potential against L. major, which is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Thus, we can say that the obtained results will help the development of effective and safe antileishmanial drug formulations against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Influence of Turkey-Israel Relations on Turkish Jews Businesspeople
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Bilgin, Kivilcim Romya; Mercan, S. Sezgin; Ongun, Yelda; Gungor, F. Senem; Karadag, Haluk; Han, Ahmet K.
Multidimensional relations have protected Turkey and Israel from the effects of political crises. The main question of this article is how Turkey-Israel relations impact Turkish Jews business representatives. Interviews with Turkish Jewish businesspeople, who are primarily influenced by the developments in foreign policy due to their international business volumes, answered the question of how Turkish Jews were influenced by foreign policy, and emphasised the importance of minorities in foreign policy issues. The article explores the role of minorities in foreign policy and sheds light on how ethnic minorities, who are viewed as secondary agents in foreign policy, are influenced by the Turkey-Israel relations.
Laparoscopic Hand-Assisted Donor Nephrectomy: A Decade of Single-Center Experience and Outcomes
(AVES, 2024) Cicek, Sevim Nuran Kuslu; Huseynov, Amil
Objective: Kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease, but the shortage of cadaveric donors has increased reliance on living donors. Traditional open donor nephrectomy, while effective, is associated with significant morbidity. Hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN) combines the advantages of minimally invasive surgery with the tactile feedback of open surgery. This study presents the outcomes of HALDN procedures performed at the center. Methods: A total of 1221 living donor nephrectomies performed between September 2009 and August 2021 at Medicana & Idot;stanbul Hospital were analyzed. Donor characteristics, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22.0, with continuous variables assessed for normality and expressed accordingly. Results: Donor ages ranged from 19 to 87 years (mean 48.50 +/- 12.75 years), with 54.8% female donors. The average body mass index (BMI) was 27.99 +/- 3.7 kg/m2. Left-sided nephrectomies constituted 78.5% of cases, with HALDN performed in 94.7% of these surgeries. Warm ischemia time averaged 99.21 +/- 56.67 seconds. The average blood loss was 70 mL, and the mean hospital stay was 4.12 +/- 1.2 days. Complications included conversion to open surgery due to bleeding in 3.3% of cases, postoperative atelectasis (0.6%), incisional hernia (0.33%), wound infection (0.16%), and scrotal swelling (0.25%). The findings indicate that HALDN is a safe and effective method for donor nephrectomy, aligning with similar studies regarding operation and warm ischemia times. The minimally invasive nature of HALDN contributes to shorter hospital stays and quicker postoperative recovery. The rate of conversion to open surgery was within acceptable limits, and complications were manageable. Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) was identified as a risk factor for incisional hernia, suggesting the need for careful surgical technique in this group. Conclusion: Hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy offers a minimally invasive, safe, and effective alternative for living donor nephrectomy, enhancing donor recovery and potentially encouraging organ donation. Its adoption may play a significant role in reducing the number of patients awaiting organ transplants.
Lumbar Spine Implant Design with Finite Element Method and Determination of Biomechanical Effects
(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2023) Taherzadeh, Paniz; Kelleci, Kubra; Ozer, Sevil
Graphical/Tabular The restoration percentages of two different implants designed and simulated in six different directions are given in Figure A. Figure A. Restoration percentages of theimplant 1 and implant 2 devices in six different directionsPurpose: In this study, it was aimed to design a new pedicle-screw based posterior dynamic stabilization implant that can help stabilize the spine normally. In the study, two different implants were designed using the finite element method (FEM) and their biomechanical effects were compared.Theory and Methods: Stable and treated models of the lumbar spine with two different implants were simulated under physiological loading conditions according to Computed tomography data. Implant and device components were created with the SOLIDWORKS program. All designed devices were used together with ABAQUS CAD simulation program and MATLAB program to calculate range of motion, adjacent level effect and restoration percentages in six different directions (right-left axial rotation, right-left lateral bending and flexion-extension). In the study, 70% restoration percentage, which is an acceptable value in the movement of the spine with the implant, was tried to be achieved in all directions.Results: With the second device, which obtained optimum data and was found to be more flexible, a higher percentage of restoration was obtained in the Z and Y axes. Restoration values are 33% for extension, 53% for flexion, and 68% and 55% for lateral bending and axial rotations, respectively.Conclusion: It can be said that pedicle-screw implants designed with this simulation study will be applicable after experimental validation and clinical trials
The mTOR Signaling Pathway and mTOR Inhibitors in Cancer: Next-Generation Inhibitors and Approaches
(Bentham Science Publishing Ltd, 2024) Ihlamur, Murat; Akgul, Busra; Zengin, Yagmur; Korkut, Senay Vural; Kelleci, Kubra; Abamor, Emrah Sefik
mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that plays various roles in cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. mTOR signaling in cancer becomes irregular. Therefore, drugs targeting mTOR have been developed. Although mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and rapamycin rapalogs (everolimus, rapamycin, temsirolimus, deforolimus, etc.) and new generation mTOR inhibitors (Rapalink, Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, etc.) are used in cancer treatments, mTOR resistance mechanisms may inhibit the efficacy of these drugs. Therefore, new inhibition approaches are developed. Although these new inhibition approaches have not been widely investigated in cancer treatment, the use of nanoparticles has been evaluated as a new treatment option in a few types of cancer.This review outlines the functions of mTOR in the cancer process, its resistance mechanisms, and the efficiency of mTOR inhibitors in cancer treatment. Furthermore, it discusses the next-generation mTOR inhibitors and inhibition strategies created using nanoparticles.Since mTOR resistance mechanisms prevent the effects of mTOR inhibitors used in cancer treatments, new inhibition strategies should be developed. Inhibition approaches are created using nanoparticles, and one of them offers a promising treatment option with evidence supporting its effectiveness.
Multimodal Neurophysiological Responses to Body Image Stimuli in Men with Muscle Dysmorphia and Steroid Use
(Elsevier, 2025) Cinaroglu, Metin; Yilmazer, Eda; Ulker, Selami Varol; Sayar, Gokben Hizli
Muscle dysmorphia (MD), a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), involves a pathological preoccupation with muscularity and is commonly linked to anabolic steroid and performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) use. Despite its rising prevalence, the neurophysiological and affective mechanisms underlying MD, particularly in steroid users, remain underexplored. This study examined 71 male strength-training participants (35 with BDD/ steroid use; 36 controls) during a passive viewing task of muscular, average, and slender male physiques while recording electroencephalography (EEG), electrodermal activity (EDA), and eye-tracking data. Psychometric assessments captured muscularity concerns (Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory, MDDI), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, OCI-R), appearance-related anxiety (Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, SAAS; Social Physique Anxiety Scale, SPAS), and selfesteem (Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale-Revised, SLCS-R). The BDD/MD group showed significantly heightened responses to muscular stimuli across all modalities. EEG results revealed increased P300 and late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes, along with greater left-lateralized frontal alpha asymmetry. Eye-tracking indicated longer fixation durations and more frequent fixations on muscular images. EDA results showed elevated levels of autonomic arousal. Between-group differences in psychometric measures were substantial, with large effect sizes. Correlational analyses demonstrated significant associations between MD severity and neurophysiological markers, including LPP amplitude, frontal asymmetry, and EDA reactivity. These findings suggest that men with MD and steroid/PEDs use exhibit amplified attentional, emotional, and physiological reactivity to muscular body images. The integration of EEG, EDA, and eye-tracking provides novel insights into the neurocognitive-affective profile of BDD/MD, emphasizing the salience of idealized physiques in this population. Results support the potential utility of multimodal measures as objective indicators for assessing body image disturbance and underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing perceptual and emotional dysregulation in BDD/MD.
Normalization of Masseter VEMP and Comparison with Cervical VEMP in Normal Individuals
(Springer, 2023) Kilinc, Ezgi; Gencturk, Ertugrul; Tasci, Betul; Serbetcioglu, Mustafa Bulent
ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to obtain normative data of the masseter vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (mVEMP) test in healthy individuals without hearing loss and dizziness and to compare the responses with the cVEMP test.MethodsTwenty healthy individuals (10 males and 10 females) aged 20-30 years without auditory and vestibular disorders participated in the study. First, mVEMP and then cVEMP tests were applied to the individuals who voluntarily participated in the study.ResultsLatency values of the air-conducted mVEMP were 15.90 +/- 1.68 ms for P1 and 25.86 +/- 1.48 ms for N1 and 9.96 +/- 1.50 ms for interpeak latencies. P1N1 amplitude value was 97.89 +/- 37.34 mu V and asymmetry ratio (AR) was 0.13 +/- 0.07. The normative data for the mVEMP threshold was found 84 dB nHL. According to the gender difference in mVEMP measurement parameters, the P1 latency of women was found shorter than the P1 latency of men at all stimulus intensities except 90 dB nHL. There was no statistically significant difference between mVEMP and cVEMP test results in all other severity and all parameters except P1 latency at 100 dB and interpeak latency at 100 dB (p > 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, it was the study findings suggest that obtaining normative data on mVEMP could be used as an auxiliary test in the evaluation of the vestibular and trigeminal pathway and the evaluation of patients with various peripheral and central vestibular disorders.

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