Interaction Testing and Polygenic Risk Scoring to Estimate the Association of Common Genetic Variants with Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia
| dc.contributor.author | Pardiñas, A.F. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Smart, S.E. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Willcocks, I.R. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Holmans, P.A. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Dennison, C.A. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Lynham, A.J. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Legge, S.E. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-01-30T14:56:09Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-01-30T14:56:09Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Importance: About 20% to 30% of people with schizophrenia have psychotic symptoms that do not respond adequately to first-line antipsychotic treatment. This clinical presentation, chronic and highly disabling, is known as treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). The causes of treatment resistance and their relationships with causes underlying schizophrenia are largely unknown. Adequately powered genetic studies of TRS are scarce because of the difficulty in collecting data from well-characterized TRS cohorts. Objective: To examine the genetic architecture of TRS through the reassessment of genetic data from schizophrenia studies and its validation in carefully ascertained clinical samples. Design, Setting, and Participants: Two case-control genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of schizophrenia were performed in which the case samples were defined as individuals with TRS (n = 10501) and individuals with non-TRS (n = 20325). The differences in effect sizes for allelic associations were then determined between both studies, the reasoning being such differences reflect treatment resistance instead of schizophrenia. Genotype data were retrieved from the CLOZUK and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) schizophrenia studies. The output was validated using polygenic risk score (PRS) profiling of 2 independent schizophrenia cohorts with TRS and non-TRS: a prevalence sample with 817 individuals (Cardiff Cognition in Schizophrenia [CardiffCOGS]) and an incidence sample with 563 individuals (Genetics Workstream of the Schizophrenia Treatment Resistance and Therapeutic Advances [STRATA-G]). Main Outcomes and Measures: GWAS of treatment resistance in schizophrenia. The results of the GWAS were compared with complex polygenic traits through a genetic correlation approach and were used for PRS analysis on the independent validation cohorts using the same TRS definition. Results: The study included a total of 85490 participants (48635 [56.9%] male) in its GWAS stage and 1380 participants (859 [62.2%] male) in its PRS validation stage. Treatment resistance in schizophrenia emerged as a polygenic trait with detectable heritability (1% to 4%), and several traits related to intelligence and cognition were found to be genetically correlated with it (genetic correlation, 0.41-0.69). PRS analysis in the CardiffCOGS prevalence sample showed a positive association between TRS and a history of taking clozapine (r2 = 2.03%; P =.001), which was replicated in the STRATA-G incidence sample (r2 = 1.09%; P =.04). Conclusions and Relevance: In this GWAS, common genetic variants were differentially associated with TRS, and these associations may have been obscured through the amalgamation of large GWAS samples in previous studies of broadly defined schizophrenia. Findings of this study suggest the validity of meta-analytic approaches for studies on patient outcomes, including treatment resistance. © 2022 Pardiñas AF et al. | en_US |
| dc.description.sponsorship | received grants from EraPerMEd as well as personal fees from AstraZeneca, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Servier, Bristol Myers Squibb, Otsuka, LivaNova, and Janssen-Cilag. Dr Andreassen has received grants from KG Jebsen Stiftelsen, South East Norway Health Authority, Research Council of Norway, and the European Union Horizon 2020 as well as personal fees from HealthLytix, Lundbeck, and Sunovion. Dr Sullivan has received research funding from Lundbeck as well as personal fees from Pfizer, Neumora, Element Genomics, and Roche; is a shareholder of Neumora; and serves on the advisory committee of Lundbeck. Dr Murray has received grants from Medical Research Council as well as personal fees from Janssen, Merck, Otsuka, Sunovian, and Lundbeck. Drs Owen, O’Donovan, and Walters are investigators on a grant from Takeda Pharmaceuticals paid to Cardiff University; Dr Smart is employed by funds from this grant. Dr MacCabe has received research funding and nonfinancial support from Lundbeck. Dr O’Donovan reported grants from the National Institutes of Health, UK Medical Research Council, Commission of the European Union, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Dr Walters has received grants from Medical Research Council, National Institutes of Health, and European Union 7th Framework Programme for Research, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Dr Barnes is a member of an advisory board for Gedeon Richter. Dr Camporesi has received grants from the Swiss National Centre Competence in Research. Dr Crespo-Facorro has received personal fees from Adamed, Mylan, Angelini, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Lundbeck, and Otsuka Pharmaceuticals. Dr Do has received grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation, and Boehringer Ingelheim and has a patent for EP19218841.5 pending. Dr Eap has received grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation and personal fees from Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Sandoz, Servier, Sunovion, Vifor Pharma, and Zeller. Dr Di Forti has received fees for educational seminars from Lundbeck and Janssen. Dr Szöke has received grants from the European | |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Funding/Support: This work was supported by Medical Research Council Centre grant MR/ L010305/1, Medical Research Council Program grant MR/P005748/1, and Medical Research Council Project grants MR/L011794/1 and MC_PC_17212 to Cardiff University and by the National Centre for Mental Health, funded by the Welsh Government through Health and Care Research Wales. This work acknowledges the support of the Supercomputing Wales project, which is partially funded by the European Regional Development Fund via the Welsh Government. Dr Pardiñas was supported by an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award (SBF005\\1083). Dr Andreassen was supported by the Research Council of Norway (grants 283798, 262656, 248980, 273291, 248828, 248778, and 223273); KG Jebsen Stiftelsen, South-East Norway Health Authority, and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant 847776). Dr Ajnakina was supported by an National Institute for Health Research postdoctoral fellowship (PDF-2018-11-ST2-020). Dr Joyce was supported by the University College London Hospitals/UCL University College London Biomedical Research Centre. Dr Kowalec received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement (793530) from the government of Canada Banting postdoctoral fellowship programme and the University of Manitoba. Dr Sullivan was supported by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, D0886501), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme (COSYN, 610307) and the US National Institute of Mental Health (U01 MH109528 and R01 MH077139). The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium was partly supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health (grants R01MH124873). The Sweden Schizophrenia Study was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health (grant R01MH077139). The STRATA consortium was supported by a Stratified Medicine Programme grant to Dr MacCabe from the Medical Research Council (grant MR/L011794/1), which funded the research and supported Drs Pardiñas, Smart, Kassoumeri, Murray, Walters, and MacCabe. Dr Smart was supported by a Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London at King’s College Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust. The AESOP (US) cohort was funded by the UK Medical Research Council (grant G0500817). The Belfast (UK) cohort was funded by the Research and Development Office of Northern Ireland. The Bologna (Italy) cohort was funded by the European Community’s Seventh Framework program (HEALTH-F2-2010–241909, project EU-GEI). The Genetics and Psychosis project (London, UK) cohort was funded by the UK National Institute of Health Research Specialist Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and the Maudsley National Health Service Mental Health Foundation Trust (SLAM) and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience at King’s College London; Psychiatry Research Trust; Maudsley Charity Research Fund; and the European Community’s Seventh Framework program (HEALTH-F2-2009-241909, project EU-GEI). The Lausanne (Switzerland) cohort was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 320030_135736/1, 320030-120686, 324730-144064, 320030-173211, and 171804); the National Center of Competence in Research Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 51AU40_125759); and Fondation Alamaya. The Oslo (Norway) cohort was funded by the Research Council of Norway (grant 223273/F50, under the Centers of Excellence funding scheme, 300309, 283798) and the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (grants 2006233, 2006258, 2011085, 2014102, 2015088, and 2017-112). The Paris (France) cohort was funded by European Community’s Seventh Framework program (HEALTH-F2-2010–241909, project EU-GEI). The Prague (Czech Republic) cohort was funded by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (grant NU20-04-00393). The Santander (Spain) cohort was funded by the following grants to Dr Crespo-Facorro: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grants FIS00/3095, PI020499, PI050427, and PI060507), Plan Nacional de Drogas Research (grant 2005-Orden sco/3246/2004), SENY Fundatio Research (grant 2005-0308007), Fundacion Marques de Valdecilla (grant A/02/07, API07/011) and Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Fund for Regional Development (grants SAF2016-76046-R and SAF2013-46292-R). The West London (UK) cohort was funded by The Wellcome Trust (grants 042025, 052247, and 064607). | |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Llywodraeth Cymru; H. Lundbeck A/S; South-East Norway Health Authority; National Institute of Health Research Specialist Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London; LivaNova; Sunovion; University College London Hospitals/UCL University College London Biomedical Research Centre; King’s College London, KCL; Cardiff University; Maudsley National Health Service Mental Health Foundation Trust; KG Jebsen Stiftelsen, South East Norway Health Authority; University of Manitoba, UM; Vifor Pharma; Boehringer Ingelheim; SLAM; Research and Development Office of Northern Ireland; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, TPC; National Institute for Health Research, NIHR; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO; Swiss National Centre Competence in Research; Cilag; National Institutes of Health, NIH; National Center for Mental Health, NCMH; Health and Care Research Wales, HCRW; Roche; KG Jebsen Stiftelsen; Otsuka; Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS; Psychiatry Research Trust, PRT; Servier; National Institutes of Health, UK Medical Research Council; Horizon 2020; National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, (U01MH109528, R01MH124873, R01MH104964, R01MH077139, R01MH123451); National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, (PI050427, FIS00/3095, PI060507, PI020499); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, (SAF2013-46292-R, SAF2016-76046-R); European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; European Commission, EC, (241909); European Commission, EC; Helse Sør-Øst RHF, sorost, (2011085, 2006233, 2017-112, 2014102, 2006258, 2015088); Helse Sør-Øst RHF, sorost; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF, (324730-144064, 320030-173211, 320030-120686, 320030_135736/1, 125759, 171804); Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF; Fondation Alamaya, (300309, 223273/F50); National Center of Competence in Research Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases, (51AU40_125759); Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, (847776); Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020; SENY Fundatio Research, (2005-0308007); Seventh Framework Programme, FP7, (HEALTH-F2-2010–241909); Seventh Framework Programme, FP7; Plan Nacional de Drogas Research, (2005-Orden sco/3246/2004); Norges Forskningsråd, (273291, 283798, 223273, 248828, 248980, 262656, 248778); Norges Forskningsråd; Academy of Medical Sciences, (SBF005\1083); Academy of Medical Sciences; Wellcome Trust, WT, (064607, 042025, 052247); Wellcome Trust, WT; European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme, (610307); Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla, FMV, (A/02/07, API07/011); Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla, FMV; UK Research and Innovation, UKRI, (MR/P005748/1); UK Research and Innovation, UKRI; Medical Research Council, MRC, (MR/L011794/1, MC_PC_17212, G0500817); Medical Research Council, MRC; Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky, MZCR, (NU20-04-00393); Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky, MZCR; Medical Research Council Centre, (MR/ L010305/1); Vetenskapsrådet, VR, (D0886501); Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Maudsley Charity Research Fund, (HEALTH-F2-2009-241909); Marie Skłodowska-Curie, (793530) | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.3799 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 2168-622X | |
| dc.identifier.scopus | 2-s2.0-85123016320 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.3799 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://acikerisim2.beykoz.edu.tr/handle/123456789/249 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | American Medical Association | en_US |
| dc.relation.ispartof | JAMA Psychiatry | en_US |
| dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | en_US |
| dc.title | Interaction Testing and Polygenic Risk Scoring to Estimate the Association of Common Genetic Variants with Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia | en_US |
| dc.type | Article | en_US |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
| gdc.author.scopusid | 35741635700 | |
| gdc.author.scopusid | 57207108730 | |
| gdc.author.scopusid | 57218834531 | |
| gdc.author.scopusid | 57172024600 | |
| gdc.author.scopusid | 57212082175 | |
| gdc.author.scopusid | 57200855120 | |
| gdc.author.scopusid | 57200577911 | |
| gdc.author.scopusid | 15038677900 | |
| gdc.coar.access | open access | |
| gdc.coar.type | text::journal::journal article | |
| gdc.description.department | Beykoz University | en_US |
| gdc.description.departmenttemp | [Pardiñas] Antonio F., Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; [Smart] Sophie E., Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; [Willcocks] Isabella R., Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; [Holmans] Peter A., Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; [Dennison] Charlotte A., Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; [Lynham] Amy Joanne, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; [Legge] Sophie E., Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; [Baune] Bernhard T., Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Munster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; [Bigdeli] Tim Bernard, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, United States, Institute for Genomics in Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, United States, Department of Psychiatry, New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States; [Cairns] Murray J., University of Newcastle, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Callaghan, NSW, Australia, University of Newcastle, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Callaghan, NSW, Australia, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; [Corvin] Aiden P., Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland; [Fanous] Ayman H., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, United States, Institute for Genomics in Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, United States; [Frank] Josef, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany; [Kelly] Brian J., School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; [McQuillin] Andrew, Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom; [Melle] Ingrid S., Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo Universitetssykehus, Oslo, Oslo, Norway; [Mortensen] Preben Bo, National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Midtjylland, Denmark, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Roskilde, Denmark; [Mowry] Bryan J., The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; [Pato] Carlos N., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, United States, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Institute for Genomics in Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, United States; [Periyasamy] Sathish, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; [Rietschel] Marcella D.C., Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany; [Rujescu] Dan, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Universitätsklinikum Halle und Medizinische Fakultät, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany, Department of General Psychiatry, Medizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Vienna, Austria; [Simonsen] Carmen Elisabeth, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit for South East Norway, Oslo Universitetssykehus, Oslo, Oslo, Norway; [St-Clair] David M., University of Aberdeen School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; [Tooney] Paul A., University of Newcastle, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Callaghan, NSW, Australia, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; [Wu] Jingqin, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; [Andreassen] Ole Andreas, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo Universitetssykehus, Oslo, Oslo, Norway; [Kowalec] Kaarina, College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholms, Sweden; [Sullivan] Patrick F., Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholms, Sweden, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; [Murray] Robin M., Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; [Owen] Michael John, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; [MacCabe] James H., Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; [O'Donovan] Michael Conlon, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; [Walters] James T.R., Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; [Ajnakina] Olesya, Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; [Alameda] Luis K., Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Seville, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland; [Barnes] Thomas R.E., Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; [Berardi] Domenico, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy; [Bonora] Elena, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy; [Camporesi] Sara, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland; [Cleusix] Martine, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland; [Conus] Philippe O., Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland; [Crespo-Facorro] Benedicto, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Seville, Spain; [D’Andrea] Giuseppe, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy; [Demjaha] Arsime, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; [Do] Kimquang, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland; [Doody] Gillian A., Department of Medical Education, University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom; [Eap] Chin B., Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland, Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; [Ferchiou] Aziz, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Creteil, Ile-de-France, France; [Di Forti] Marta D., Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; [Guidi] Lorenzo, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy; [Homman] Lina E., Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköpings Universitet, Linkoping, Östergötland, Sweden, Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Science, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; [Jenni] Raoul, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland; [Joyce] Eileen Maria, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; [Kassoumeri] Laura, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; [Khadimallah] Ines, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland; [Lastrina] Ornella, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy; [Muratori] Roberto, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy; [Noyan] Handan, Department of Psychology, Beykoz Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; [O'Neill] Francis Anthony, Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Science, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; [Pignon] Baptiste, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Creteil, Ile-de-France, France, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), AP-HP Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; [Restellini] Romeo, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland; [Richard] Jean Romain, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Creteil, Ile-de-France, France; [Schürhoff] Franck, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Creteil, Ile-de-France, France, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), AP-HP Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; [Španiel] Filip A., Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Národní Ústav Duševního Zdraví, Klecany, Klecany, Czech Republic, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; [Szöke] Andreï, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Creteil, Ile-de-France, France, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), AP-HP Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; [Tarricone] Ilaria, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy; [Tortelli] Andrea, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Creteil, Ile-de-France, France, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France; [Üçok] Alp, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; [Váquez-Bourgon] Javier, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain, Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Madrid, Spain | en_US |
| gdc.description.endpage | 269 | en_US |
| gdc.description.issue | 3 | en_US |
| gdc.description.publicationcategory | Makale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı | en_US |
| gdc.description.scopusquality | N/A | |
| gdc.description.startpage | 260 | en_US |
| gdc.description.volume | 79 | en_US |
| gdc.description.wosquality | N/A | |
| gdc.identifier.pmid | 35019943 | |
| gdc.index.type | Scopus | |
| gdc.index.type | PubMed |