Factors Affecting the Presence of Renal Cortical Cysts in Kidney Donors

Abstract

Objective: Simple renal cysts (SRCs) represent the most frequently occurring type of renal cysts, frequently observed in the elderly population. While generally considered benign, SRCs may sometimes be connected to comorbid conditions such as hypertension, aortic diseases, and renal dysfunction. This research aims to investigate the factors influencing the development of SRCs in kidney donors and the associated risks. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1012 living kidney donors, aged 18-87 years, who underwent renal transplant donor nephrectomy between 2008 and 2023. Data on demographic information, cyst characteristics, comorbidities, and associated risk factors were collected and analyzed using statistical methods, including Binary Logistic Regression Analysis. Renal cysts were identified and classified using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Results: Renal cortical cysts were more frequently observed in males (52.76%) compared to females (47.24%), with a significant difference (P = .031). Donors with renal cortical cysts were significantly older (mean age 54.43 +/- 12.17 years) compared to those without cysts (46.26 +/- 12.35 years, P < .001). Substantial differences were likewise noted in fasting blood glucose, uric acid, creatinine, HbA1c, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).The prevalence of aortic atherosclerosis was notably elevated in donors with cysts (47.74%) compared to those without (23.57%, P < .001). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that older age and being male were significant factors influencing the presence of cortical cysts. Conclusion: The study confirms that SRCs are the most common renal cyst type and are more frequently observed in the elderly population. While generally benign, SRCs may be associated with increased uric acid levels and other comorbidities, suggesting potential impacts on kidney health. Additional studies are required to investigate these associations. The presence of SRCs in kidney donors is significantly associated with male gender, age, uric acid levels, and creatinine levels. These findings should be considered during the evaluation of potential kidney donors, particularly regarding the associated risks and management of SRCs.